How often do you write a cheque? Not very often, I'd guess.
From the days when writing one was the most common way to withdraw cash from
your bank account and the most usual way of paying for many goods and services,
cheques are now approaching something of novelty status. From a peak in 1990
when Britons issued four billion cheques, their use fell to 558 million by
2015, and speaking for myself, I probably write less than a dozen each year. Val
tells me it is at least a year since she wrote a cheque and I don't think that
either of my daughters even have cheque books. In 1978 it was very different...
Like many people who joined Midland Bank (and probably most
other UK banks) during the 1970's, I found that my first job was by turns
bewildering, boring, nerve-racking, mundane and actually quite important,
despite my very junior position. Most of it seemed to involve cheques in one
way or another. First task of the day was listing the incoming cheques, i.e. those
drawn on our branch's customers and presented at other banks and branches,
which had arrived in the clearing. Then throwing them out into three sections,
which at Gants Hill were (surnames) A to K, L to R and S to Z. Other branches
had more sections, and some would have whole sections dedicated to a single
corporate customer who issued large numbers of cheques. Then each section would
be fine sorted alphabetically by surname, then initial. Next, each section had
to be cancelled, which means identifying which cheques could not be paid,
either due to lack of funds or because of a technical irregularity, and which
ones could.
The ones where funds were an issue would be identified by
the manager (at Gants Hill in 1976 a bluff Yorkshireman named Mr Hindley - I
never knew his first name, and had I known it would not have dared used it).
The Control Clerk would pull them out and return them with the reason, 'Refer
to Drawer' or 'Refer to Drawer, Please Represent,' the latter meaning that if
the payee chose to pay the cheque in at a later date, it might get paid
(fingers crossed). Cheques could be returned for any number of technical
irregularities; for being unsigned, for being undated, because the amounts in
words and figures differed, because it had been stopped by the drawer, because
it was mutilated, because it had been crossed by two bankers, and so on and so
forth. Cheques that were paid were 'cancelled' by initialling over the
signature in red ink and being stamped 'Paid.' Coloured biros were an important
part of daily banking life; red for cancelling cheques, green for checking
account numbers and blue or black for everything else.
What you couldn't do, of course, was 'bounce' a cheque for
lack of funds if it had a Cheque Card number on the back. Cheque guarantee
cards demised in 2011, but in 1978 they were highly important. Shops and
tradesmen knew they could accept a cheque without worrying it might be unpaid,
and they were sought after by customers, not all of whom were deemed credit
worthy enough to have one. Amazing when you think that today Debit Cards are almost
ubiquitous, yet by 1976 standards a significant number of customers would not be
granted one.
After listing, sorting and cancelling the clearing, most of
the rest of the day was then spent dealing with cheques paid in over the
counter. Separating those drawn on our customers from those drawn on customers
of other Midland branches and other banks, listing them, encoding them with the
amount and sending the latter two categories off to Head Office. Manual
processing was the order of the day when I started work; over the years
automation and centralisation resulted in many of the jobs that I learned in my
first few years being centralised or disappearing altogether.
If you could look around Midland Bank, Gants Hill in 1976 you would understand why banking then was so labour intensive. There were few
automated processes and most work harked back to the days when hand-written
ledgers were the norm (and there were some members of staff there for whom
those ledgers were fresh in the memory). In short, what you would notice would
be the limited amount of technology and how primitive that technology actually
was: the legendary Burroughs TC-500 was the most sophisticated piece of kit we
had. We didn't even have a photocopier; any copying we needed to have done
involved someone trotting over the road to a firm of solicitors, whose machine
we could borrow. The number of copies we made would be recorded in a washing
book and the solicitors would invoice us every quarter for their costs.
The legendary Burroughs TC-500. Picture:acbm.com |
Not that everything we wanted a copy of could be photocopied
though. There were many, many documents that we were not allowed to remove from
the premises, ledger copies of customer statements being one of them. Every
time a customer had a statement issued, a ledger copy would be delivered to the
branch. These did not arrive in alphabetical order - goodness knows why they
could not have been delivered in order - perhaps it was to give the branch
junior something (extra) to do. It always seemed that laborious, manual tasks
were considered 'good for the soul.' The ledger copies had to be sorted and
then filed in bins held in a wheeled trolley. Half-yearly (or was it
quarterly?) these would be bound up and filed. The ledger copies could not be
removed from the branch, let alone photocopied, so it was with a sinking
feeling that I would have to deal with a request from a customer for a
duplicate statement. That process would involve typing the details from the
ledger copy onto a specific card. This would then go off in the overnight bag
to Head Office. A few days later the duplicate statement would arrive. But this
could not be sent directly to the customer yet because for reasons that were
probably due to the limitations of the technology available at the time, many
details would be excluded from the copy statement, such as the first three
digits of cheque numbers, and these would have to be typed onto the duplicate.
The height of technology in 1976, the microfiche reader! |
A rare example of
labour saving came in the form of microfiche copies of statements; Gants Hill
branch were chosen to pilot the process and instead of a wad of ledger copies
arriving each day, a single fiche would be delivered, reducing filing time from
an hour or so to about thirty seconds!
Everything that a customer now receives from their bank,
from new cheque books, paying in books, credit and debit cards, is sent from a
central location. In 1978 all of those things were first sent to the branch.
Huge boxes of cheque books would arrive periodically: naturally these were not
in any sort of order and had to be sorted and filed in cabinets awaiting a
request from the customer for a new book. And paying in books were received in
blank and had to have customer details added by the use of an Adrema plate
printer, the repetitive thumping sound of which was a daily soundtrack to life
in a small branch!
There were fourteen staff at Gants Hill when I worked there,
many doing jobs that would today either not exist or have been centralised;
were it still open today, it would probably have no more than five or six
staff. But while a lot of the work there was labour-intensive and monotonous, I
learned things there that stayed with me throughout my thirty-six years. I
reckon I could still fine sort and cancel a section of cheques to this day!